City of Miami Zoning Changes & DecisionsDelivered Same-Day

The City of Miami is governed by Miami 21, the city's zoning code enacted by Ordinance No. 13114 and adopted by the City Commission on October 22, 2009. Miami 21 is a form-based code, meaning it primarily regulates the physical form of buildings (height, setbacks, frontage, and how structures relate to the street) rather than focusing only on use. The code is guided by the principles of New Urbanism and Smart Growth and, like other form-based codes, is organized into Definitions, a Regulating Plan or Atlas, Building Form Standards, and Public Space/Street Standards. It applies within the City of Miami limits, which is a separate jurisdiction from unincorporated Miami-Dade County.

Miami 21 organizes all land in the city into Transect Zones that run from the most natural to the most urban. Article 5 of the code names them as: T1 Natural, T2 Rural (Reserved), T3 Sub-Urban, T4 General Urban, T5 Urban Center, and T6 Urban Core. The T6 Urban Core zone is further divided by scale into subcategories such as T6-8, T6-12, T6-24, T6-36, T6-48, T6-60, and T6-80. In addition to the T-zones, the code includes Civic Space (CS) and Civic Institution (CI, CI-HD) zones and District zones (D1, D2, D3), along with R, L, and O sub-designations.

The Planning, Zoning and Appeals Board (PZAB) is the body that hears many zoning matters. Under Article 7 of Miami 21, the PZAB consists of eleven voting members, one alternate, and one ex-officio non-voting member appointed by the school board. It serves as a quasi-judicial body when it grants, denies, or grants with conditions applications for Variances and Exceptions, and it also makes recommendations to the City Commission and acts as the city's local planning agency.

Miami 21 defines a Variance as a relaxation of the terms of the code, permitted only in exceptional circumstances where, owing to conditions peculiar to the property and not the result of the applicant's actions, strict application of the code would be an unreasonable hardship. A Variance may be granted only when it will not be contrary to the public interest, is in harmony with the general intent and purpose of the Miami 21 Code, and is not injurious to the neighborhood or otherwise detrimental to the public. Before applying, the prospective applicant is required to meet with the Zoning Administrator and the Planning Director, and the Variance is ultimately decided by the Planning, Zoning and Appeals Board acting as a quasi-judicial body.

Miami 21 uses several permit types with different approval paths. A Warrant is decided administratively by the Planning Director, who may approve, deny, or approve it with conditions; a Warrant decision can be appealed to the Planning, Zoning and Appeals Board. An Exception, by contrast, requires approval by the Planning, Zoning and Appeals Board itself, which acts as a quasi-judicial body and follows quasi-judicial procedures under the code and applicable state law when it grants, denies, or grants an Exception with conditions.

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